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Neuroimaging Technologies

Explore the intricate world of neuro­imaging tech­nologies – fNIRS, fMRI, EEG/MEG, and PET – to unravel their unique strengths, weak­nesses, and app­lications in the realm of cognitive research and clinical diagnosis.

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fNIRS fMRI EEG/MEG PET
(Funcational NIR Spectro­scopy) (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (Electro­ence­phalo­graphy/ Magnet­oence­phalo­graphy) (Position Emission Tomography)
Signal HbO2/​HbR BOLD (HbR) Electro­magnetic Central Blood Flow Glucose Metabolism
Penetration Depth Brain Cortex Whole Head EEG: Brain Cortex MEG: Deep Structures Whole Head
Temporal Sampling Rates Up to 10 Hz 1–3 Hz >1000 Hz <0.1 Hz
Range of Possible Tasks Enor­mous Limited Limited Limited
Robustness to Mostion Very Good Limited Limited Limited
Range of Possible Participants Everyone Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients Everyone Limited
Sounds Everyone Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients Everyone Limited
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fNIRS fMRI
(Funcational NIR Spectro­scopy) (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Signal HbO2/​HbR BOLD (HbR)
Penetration Depth Brain Cortex Whole Head
Temporal Sampling Rates Up to 10 Hz 1–3 Hz
Range of Possible Tasks Enor­mous Limited
Robustness to Mostion Very Good Limited
Range of Possible Participants Everyone Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients
Sounds Everyone Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients

EEG/MEG PET
(Electro­ence­phalo­graphy/ Magnet­oence­phalo­graphy) (Position Emission Tomography)
Signal Electro­magnetic Central Blood Flow Glucose Metabolism
Penetration Depth EEG: Brain Cortex MEG: Deep Structures Whole Head
Temporal Sampling Rates >1000 Hz <0.1 Hz
Range of Possible Tasks Limited Limited
Robustness to Mostion Limited Limited
Range of Possible Participants Everyone Limited
Sounds Everyone Limited
Image
fNIRS
(Funcational NIR Spectro­scopy)
Signal HbO2/​HbR
Pene­tration Depth Brain Cortex
Temporal Samp­ling Rates Up to 10 Hz
Range of Poss­ible Tasks Enor­mous
Robust­ness to Mostion Very Good
Range of Poss­ible Partici­pants Everyone
Sounds Everyone

fMRI
(Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Signal BOLD (HbR)
Pene­tration Depth Whole Head
Temporal Samp­ling Rates 1–3 Hz
Range of Poss­ible Tasks Limited
Robust­ness to Mostion Limited
Range of Poss­ible Partici­pants Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients
Sounds Limited, can be challenging for children/​patients

EEG/​MEG
(Electro­ence­phalo­graphy/ Magnet­oence­phalo­graphy)
Signal Electro­mag­netic
Pene­tration Depth EEG: Brain Cortex MEG: Deep Structures
Temporal Samp­ling Rates >1000 Hz
Range of Poss­ible Tasks Limited
Robust­ness to Mostion Limited
Range of Poss­ible Partici­pants Everyone
Sounds Everyone

PET
(Position Emission Tomography)
Signal Central Blood Flow Glucose Metabolism
Pene­tration Depth Whole Head
Temporal Samp­ling Rates <0.1 Hz
Range of Poss­ible Tasks Limited
Robust­ness to Mostion Limited
Range of Poss­ible Partici­pants Limited
Sounds Limited